Patterns of communication during the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe: insights from the Ottobeuren letter collection

This article analyses the importance of communication by letter during initial months 1241 Mongol invasion Europe (c.March–July 1241). It focuses especially on 10 letters found in Ottobeuren collection (Innsbruck, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol, Cod. 187, ff. 1v–8v). Through a close reading and its visualisation form network graph, this reconstructs transmission history letters, including report Brother Julian, shows manner which was arranged compiler to give pro-Hohenstaufen account invasion. The final section contextualises as part wider correspondence from these months, offers reappraisal written actions individual princes involved planning defence Germany Bohemia against Mongols.